体育哲学札记 [002] 乔叟《坎特伯雷故事》“总序”中的philosophy和philosopher的词义
[font=宋体][size=12pt]除了希腊语词源之外，philosophy和philosopher有哪些词义，它们的词义有什么变化，也是我关心的问题。[/size][/font][font=宋体][size=12pt]了解词义的最好的方法，是看词汇在文献中是如何被使用的，根据上下文来判断。这两天试着查找和分析乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事》的例子，以下是“总序”中的三个实例。[/size][/font]
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[b][font=宋体][size=12pt]例[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]001 [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]总序[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]第[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]297[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]行[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] philosophy[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（思想体系）[/size][/font][/b]
[size=12pt][/size][b][font=宋体][size=12pt]例[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]002 [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]总序[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]第[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]299[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]行[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] philosopher[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（炼金士）[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][font=Times New Roman] [/font]
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[font=Times New Roman]General Prologue[/font]
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[font=宋体]中古英语原文：[/font]
[url=http://www.librarius.com/canttran/gptrfs.htm%202008-09-07][font=Times New Roman][color=#0000ff]http://www.librarius.com/canttran/gptrfs.htm 2008-09-07[/color][/font][/url]
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[font=Times New Roman]A CLERK ther was of Oxenford also, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]That unto logyk hadde longe ygo. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]As leene was his hors as is a rake, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And he nas nat right fat, I undertake, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]But looked holwe and therto sobrely. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Ful thredbare was his overeste courtepy; [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]For he hadde geten hym yet no benefice, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Ne was so worldly for to have office. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]For hym was levere have at his beddes heed [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Twenty bookes, clad in blak or reed, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of Aristotle and his [u][b][color=sienna]philosophie[/color][/b][/u], 297[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrie. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]But al be that he was a [color=sienna][u][b]philosophre[/b][/u][/color], 299[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre; [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]But al that he myghte of his freendes hente, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]On bookes and on lernynge he it spente, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And bisily gan for the soules preye [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of hem that yaf hym wherwith to scoleye. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of studie took he moost cure and moost heede. [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Noght o word spak he moore than was neede, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And that was seyd in forme and reverence, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And short and quyk, and ful of hy sentence; [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Sownynge in moral vertu was his speche, [/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And gladly wolde he lerne, and gladly teche.[/font]
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[font=宋体]现代英语译文[/font]
[url=http://www.ronaldecker.com/general.htm][font=Times New Roman][color=#800080]http://www.ronaldecker.com/general.htm[/color][/font][/url][font=Times New Roman] 2008-09-07[/font]
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[font=Times New Roman]There also was an Oxford STUDENT, one[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Whose logic studies long since had begun.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]The horse he rode was leaner than a rake,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And he was hardly fat, I undertake,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]But looked quite hollow, far from debonair.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And threadbare was the cloak he had to wear;[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]He had no benefice as yet and, most[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Unworldly, wouldn't take a secular post.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]For he would rather have at his bed's head[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Some twenty books, all bound in black or red,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of Aristotle and his philosophy[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Than finest robes, fiddle or psaltery.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Philosopher he was, and yet his coffer[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Had little of the gold that it should offer.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]But all that from his friends he could acquire[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]He spent on books and learning, didn't tire[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of praying for the souls of all those who[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Would give to help him see his schooling through,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]For study was the foremost thing he heeded.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]He never spoke one word more than was needed,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And then he spoke with formal reverence;[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]He'd make it short but make a lot of sense.[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Of highest moral virtue was his speech,[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]And gladly he would learn and gladly teach.[/font]
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[font=宋体]方重中译文：[/font]
[font=宋体]（《坎特伯雷故事》，人民文学出版社[/font][font=Times New Roman]2004[/font][font=宋体]年版，第[/font][font=Times New Roman]6-7[/font][font=宋体]页）[/font]
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[font=楷体_GB2312]有一个是牛津的学者，读过很久的逻辑学。他的一匹马瘦得像一把铁耙，我看他自己也不算胖，两颊下凹，面容沉默稳重。他的一件小外衣已破绽脱线，原来他不懂世务，一直没有领得俸禄。他宁可在床头堆起二十卷亚里士多德的哲理书，红的、黑的装订，却不讲究穿着，不拉提琴，也不好弹弦乐。他虽是一个[u][color=sienna]哲学家[/color][/u]，但钱匣里却找不出金子来！他的朋友给他的钱都用到书本和学问上去了，为了那些帮他求学的人们灵魂得救，他不断地祈祷。读书是他惟一的念头。不需要讲的话他一字都也不讲，要讲的时候他也是循规蹈矩的，话语短促，而含意渊深。他的一言一语，离不了道德文章。在一切之上，他所喜爱的就是学与教。[/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312]（这里的philosopher意思是“炼金士”，方重先生翻译为“哲学家”，有误，上下文很难理解。）[/font]
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[b][font=宋体][size=12pt]例[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]003 [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]总序[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]第[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman]647[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]行[/size][/font][size=12pt][font=Times New Roman] philosophy[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=12pt]（学识、知识）[/size][/font][size=12pt][/size][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/b]
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[font=Times New Roman]General Prologue[/font]
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[font=宋体]中古英语原文：[/font]
[url=http://www.librarius.com/canttran/gptrfs.htm%202008-09-07][font=Times New Roman][color=#0000ff]http://www.librarius.com/canttran/gptrfs.htm 2008-09-07[/color][/font][/url]
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[font=Times New Roman]A SOMONOUR was ther with us in that place,
That hadde a fyr-reed cherubynnes face,
For saucefleem he was, with eyen narwe.
As hoot he was and lecherous as a sparwe,
With scalled browes blake, and piled berd,
Of his visage children were aferd.
Ther nas quyk-silver, lytarge, ne brymstoon,
Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon,
Ne oynement, that wolde clense and byte,
That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white,
Nor of the knobbes sittynge on his chekes.
Wel loved he garleek, oynons, and eek lekes,
And for to drynken strong wyn, reed as blood;
Thanne wolde he speke and crie as he were wood.
And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.
A fewe termes hadde he, two or thre,
That he had lerned out of som decree-
No wonder is, he herde it al the day,
And eek ye knowen wel how that a jay
Kan clepen "Watte" as wel as kan the pope.
But whoso koude in oother thyng hym grope,
Thanne hadde he spent al his [b][u][color=sienna]philosophie[/color][/u][/b]; 647
Ay "Questio quid iuris" wolde he crie.
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[font=宋体]现代英语译文[/font]
[url=http://www.ronaldecker.com/general.htm%202008-09-07][font=Times New Roman][color=#0000ff]http://www.ronaldecker.com/general.htm 2008-09-07[/color][/font][/url]
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[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]A SUMMONER was with us in the place[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Who like a cherub had a fire-red face,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]So pimply was the skin, eyes puffed and narrow.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]He was as hot and lecherous as a sparrow.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]With black and scabby brows and scanty beard,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]He had a face that all the children feared;[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]There's no quicksilver, litharge or brimstone,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Borax, ceruse, no tartar oil that's known--[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]No ointment that could cleanse, to keep it simple,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]And rid his face of even one white pimple[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Among the whelks that sat upon his cheeks.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]He loved his garlic, onions and his leeks,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]And strong wine red as blood once he had eaten.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Then he would speak and cry out like a cretin,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]And when with wine he was quite well infused,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Some Latin words were all the words he used.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]He knew a few good phrases, two or three,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Which he had learnt to say from some decree.[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman](No wonder, what with hearing it all day;[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]And after all, as you well know, a jay[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]Can call out "Walt!" as well as any pope.)[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]But once a question came to test his scope,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]He had no learning left to make reply,[/font][/font]
[font=楷体_GB2312][font=Times New Roman]So "Questio quid juris!" was his cry.[/font][/font]
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[font=宋体]方重中译文：[/font]
[font=宋体]（《坎特伯雷故事》，人民文学出版社[/font][font=Times New Roman]2004[/font][font=宋体]年版，第[/font][font=Times New Roman]13[/font][font=宋体]页）[/font]
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[font=楷体_GB2312]和我们在一起的还有一个教会法庭差役，火一样红的天使般的脸，长满了白头脓疱，眼睛只剩下两条线，黑眉上长了很多痂，稀朗朗几根胡须，他热情，好色，好似一只麻雀。小孩们看到他的脸就害怕。他那白点的疹，颊上的瘤，无论用水银、铅粉、硫磺、硼砂、白铅、酒石，或任何油膏，都无法洗清烧净。他最爱吃大蒜、青葱，他喝的烈酒像血一样红，喝了之后就说笑叫闹，像发疯似的。酒后他专说拉丁语，他能用两三个句子，是由法庭判词中搬出来的。并不稀奇，他整天在听，你知道一只饶舌鸟听久了之后，也会叫一声“喔得”，可以同教皇说得一样。不过谁若多查问他一下的话，就发现他的学识仅止于此了。他老是学着用法庭上的律师所讲的拉丁字眼，高声喧嚷。[/font][font=楷体_GB2312][/font]
[[i] 本帖最后由 guohw 于 2008-9-7 10:09 PM 编辑 [/i]] 我看这挺好的，创建个 语言哲学解释学。 楼主的《体育哲学札记》还没写完哦？请楼主继续为我们开坛讲学。深谢！：）
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