体能训练研究之二（J Strength Cond Res——2008 Aug 14 部分）.
Effects of Hydration State and Resistance Exercise on Markers of Muscle Damage.关于水合作用及抗阻训练对肌肉损伤研究
Yamamoto LM, Judelson DA, Farrell MJ, Lee EC, Armstrong LE, Casa DJ, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, Maresh CM.
1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Departments of 2Physiology and Neurobiology and 3Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut; 4Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California.
Yamamoto, LM, Judelson, DA, Farrell, MJ, Lee, EC, Armstrong, LE, Casa, DJ, Kraemer, WJ, Volek, JF, and Maresh, CM. Effects of hydration state and resistance exercise on markers of muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-7, 2008-It is well established that resistance exercise can damage muscle tissue, but the combined effects of hypohydration and resistance exercise on muscle damage are unclear. Two common circulating markers of muscle damage, myoglobin (Mb) and creatine kinase (CK) may be attenuated by fluid ingestion post-exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effect of resistance exercise and hydration state on muscle damage. Seven healthy resistance-trained males (age = 23 +/- 4 years; body mass = 87.8 +/- 6.8 kg; body fat = 11.5 +/- 5.2%) completed 3 identical resistance exercise bouts (6 sets of up to 10 repetitions of the back squat) in different hydration states: euhydrated (HY0), hypohydrated ~2.5% body mass (HY2.5), and hypohydrated ~5.0% body mass (HY5). Subjects achieved desired hydration states via controlled water deprivation, exercise-heat stress, and fluid intake. Both Mb and CK were measured during euhydrated rest (PRE). Mb was also measured immediately post-exercise, 1 hour (+1H) and 2 hours (+2H) post-exercise; CK was measured at 24 and 48 hours post-exercise. Body mass decreased 0.2 +/- 0.4%, 2.4 +/- 0.4%, and 4.8 +/- 0.4% during HY0, HY2.5, and HY5, respectively. Mb concentrations increased significantly (effect size >/=1, p < 0.05) from PRE (2.6 +/- 1.1, 3.5 +/- 2.8, and 3.2 +/- 1.6 nmol.L) to +1H (5.3 +/- 3.4, 6.8 +/- 3.2, and 7.6 +/- 2.8 nmol.L), and +2H (5.5 +/- 3.8, 6.2 +/- 3.0, and 7.2 +/- 3.0 nmol.L) for HY0, HY2.5, and HY5, respectively, but were not significantly different between trials. CK concentrations remained within the normal resting range at all time points. Thus, hypohydration did not enhance muscle damage following the resistance exercise challenge. Despite these results, athletes are encouraged to commence exercise in a euhydrated state to maximize endogenous hormonal, mechanical, and metabolic benefits.
[[i] 本帖最后由 bing2008 于 2008-8-31 08:49 PM 编辑 [/i]] Hydration, Thermoregulation, and Performance Effects of Two Sport Drinks during Soccer Training Sessions.
关于足球运动中使用运动饮料的研究
1Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom; 2Exercise Physiology Laboratories, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; 3School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, The University of Western Sydney, Penrith South, Australia.
Siegler, JC, Mermier, CM, Amorim, FT, Lovell, RJ, McNaughton, LR and Robergs, RA. Hydration, thermoregulation, and performance effects of two sport drinks during soccer training sessions. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-8, 2008-In the present study, we aimed to compare the thermoregulatory response and soccer-specific training performance aspects of two commercially available sport drinks, both of similar carbohydrate concentration, but one containing 5.2% glycerol. Ten players participated in two similar outdoor training sessions and were randomly assigned to each of two drinks: a carbohydrate (C) beverage or a carbohydrate-glycerol (CG) beverage. Players consumed 500 mL of C or CG 30 minutes pre-exercise and at half-time. Pre- and postexercise body mass, core temperature (CT), and heart rate (HR) were recorded, and urine and blood samples were taken. No difference was observed between days for wet bulb globe temperature (session 1: 17.0 +/- 1.1 degrees C, session 2: 16.9 +/- 1.1 degrees C; P = 0.944). The degree of dehydration (% Delta BM) was greater after the C trial (P = 0.041). Similarly, percent change in plasma volume was greater in the C trial (P = 0.049). No overall main affect was observed between CT and mean exercise HRs during either training session (CT: P = 0.350; mean HR: P = 0.256), and there was no difference observed between groups in time to failure during the session-ending fatigue test (P = 0.547). Ingestion of a CG beverage provided players with better hydration than C alone. However, if training sessions are short (<75 minute), with adequate time for recovery, both drinks are sufficient for maintaining performance intensities during soccer-specific training. Effectiveness of Active Versus Passive Recovery Strategies After Futsal Games.
关于Futsal Games的恢复策略研究
注意：Futsal Games（似乎是室内足球吧，不是太确定）
Tessitore A, Meeusen R, Pagano R, Benvenuti C, Tiberi M, Capranica L.
1Department of Human Movement and Sport Science, University Ford Italico, Rome, Italy; 2Vrije University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium; 3Center for Preventive Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Tessitore, A, Meeusen, R, Pagano, R, Benvenuti, C, Tiberi, M, and Capranica, L. Effectiveness of active versus passive recovery strategies after futsal games. J Strength cond Res 00: 1-11, 2008-This study aimed to investigate the effects of immediate postgame recovery interventions (seated rest, supine electrostimulation, low-intensity land exercises, and water exercises) on anaerobic performance (countermovement jump [CMJ], bounce jumping, 10-m sprint), hormones (salivary cortisol, urinary catecholamines), and subjective ratings (rate of perceived exertion [RPE], leg muscle pain, Questionnaire of Recovery Stress for Athletes [RestQ Sport], 10-point Likert scale), and hours of sleep of futsal players. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate, and RPE were used to evaluate the intensity of 4 futsal games in 10 players using a crossover design (P < 0.05), randomly allocating athletes to 1 of the 4 recovery interventions at the end of each game. No significant difference emerged between HR, blood lactate, RPE, and level of hydration of the games. A significant difference (P < 0.001) between games emerged for total urinary catecholamines, with an increase from the first to the second game and a gradual reduction up to the fourth game. After the game, significant reductions in CMJ (P < 0.001) and 10-m sprints (P < 0.05) emerged. No significant difference was found between recovery interventions for anaerobic performances, hormones, muscle pain, and RestQ Sport. Even though a well-balanced diet, rehydration, and controlled lifestyle might represent a sufficient recovery intervention in young elite athletes, the players perceived significantly increased benefit (P < 0.01) from the electrostimulation (7.8 +/- 1.4 points) and water exercises (7.6 +/- 2.1 points) compared to dry exercises (6.6 +/- 1.8 points) and seated rest (5.2 +/- 0.8 points.), which might improve their attitude toward playing. To induce progressive hormonal adaptation to the high exercise load of multiple games, in the last 2 weeks of the preseason, coaches should organize friendly games at a level similar to that of the competitive season.
[[i] 本帖最后由 bing2008 于 2008-8-31 08:34 PM 编辑 [/i]] Influence of Closed Skill and Open Skill Warm-ups on the Performance of Speed, Change of Direction Speed, Vertical Jump, and Reactive Agility in Team Sport Athletes.
关于不同热身对速度、跳跃、灵敏等表现的影响
Gabbett TJ, Sheppard JM, Pritchard-Peschek KR, Leveritt MD, Aldred MJ.
1Brisbane Broncos Rugby League Club, Brisbane, Queensland; 2Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra; 3Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Gabbett, TJ, Sheppard, JM, Pritchard-Peschek, KR, Leveritt, MD, and Aldred, MJ. Influence of closed skill and open skill warm-ups on the performance of speed, change of direction speed, vertical jump, and reactive agility in team sports athletes. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-3, 2008-In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two different dynamic warm-up conditions, one that was inclusive of open skills (i.e., reactive movements) and one that included only preplanned dynamic activities (i.e., closed skills) on the performance of speed, change of direction speed, vertical jump, and reactive agility in team sport athletes. Fourteen (six male, eight female) junior (mean +/- SD age, 16.3 +/- 0.7 year) basketball players participated in this study. Testing was conducted on 2 separate days using a within-subjects cross-over study design. Each athlete performed a standardized 7-minute warm-up consisting of general dynamic movements and stretching. After the general warm-up, athletes were randomly allocated into one of two groups that performed a dynamic 15-minute warm-up consisting entirely of open or closed skills. Each of the warm-up conditions consisted of five activities of 3 minute duration. At the completion of the warm-up protocol, players completed assessments of reactive agility, speed (5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints), change of direction speed (T-test), and vertical jump. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected among warm-up conditions for speed, vertical jump, change of direction speed, and reactive agility performances. The results of this study demonstrate that either open skill or closed skill warm-ups can be used effectively for team sport athletes without compromising performance on open skill and closed skill tasks. The Effect of Static Stretching on Phases of Sprint Performance in Elite Soccer Players.
关于静态牵张对足球跑动的影响
Sayers AL, Farley RS, Fuller DK, Jubenville CB, Caputo JL.
Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
Sayers, AL, Farley, RS, Fuller, DK, Jubenville, CB, and Caputo, JL. The effect of static stretching on phases of sprint performance in elite soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-6, 2008-The purpose of this study was to determine which phase of a 30-m sprint (acceleration and/or maximal velocity) was affected by preperformance static stretching. Data were collected from 20 elite female soccer players. On two nonconsecutive days, participants were randomly assigned to either the stretch or no-stretch condition. On the first day, the athletes in the no-stretch condition completed a standard warm-up protocol and then performed three 30-m sprints, with a 2-minute rest between each sprint. The athletes in the stretch condition performed the standard warm-up protocol, completed a stretching routine of the hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles, and then immediately performed three 30-m sprints, also with a 2-minute rest between each sprint. On the second day, the groups were reversed, and identical procedures were followed. One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed a statistically significant difference in acceleration (p < 0.0167), maximal-velocity sprint time (p < 0.0167), and overall sprint time (p < 0.0167) between the stretch and no-stretch conditions. Static stretching before sprinting resulted in slower times in all three performance variables. These findings provide evidence that static stretching exerts a negative effect on sprint performance and should not be included as part of the preparation routine for physical activity that requires sprinting. Acute Effects of Static and Ballistic Stretching on Measures of Strength and Power.
不同牵张对力量和爆发力测试的影响
Samuel MN, Holcomb WR, Guadagnoli MA, Rubley MD, Wallmann H.
Sports Injury Research Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada.
Samuel, MN, Holcomb, WR, Guadagnoli, MA, Rubley, MD, and Wallmann, H. Acute effects of static and ballistic stretching on measures of strength and power. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-7, 2008-Preactivity stretching is commonly performed by athletes as part of their warm-up routine. However, the most recent literature questions the effectiveness of preactivity stretching. One limitation of this research is that the stretching duration is not realistic for most athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a practical duration of acute static and ballistic stretching on vertical jump (VJ), lower-extremity power, and quadriceps and hamstring torque. Twenty-four subjects performed a 5-minute warm-up followed by each of the following three conditions on separate days with order counterbalanced: static stretching, ballistic stretching, or no-stretch control condition. Vertical jump was determined with the Vertec VJ system and was also calculated from the ground-reaction forces collected from a Kistler force plate, which also were used to calculate power. Torque output of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured through knee extension and flexion on the Biodex System 3 Dynamometer at 60 degrees .s. Data normalized for body weight were analyzed using five separate, 3 (stretch condition) x 2 (gender) analysis-of-variance procedures with repeated measures on the factor of stretch condition. The gender x stretch interaction was not significant for any of the four measures, suggesting that the stretching conditions did not affect men and women differently. The results of this study reveal that static and ballistic stretching did not affect VJ, or torque output for the quadriceps and hamstrings. Despite no adverse effect on VJ, stretching did cause a decrease in lower-extremity power, which was surprising. Because of the mixed results, strength coaches would be better served to use dynamic stretching before activity; this has been consistently supported by the literature. Unilateral Balance Performance in Female Collegiate Soccer Athletes.
高校女大学生足球运动员的单侧平衡表现
Thorpe JL, Ebersole KT.
University of Illinois, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Urbana, Illinois.
Thorpe, JL and Ebersole, KT. Unilateral balance performance in female collegiate soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-5, 2008-The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) is a unilateral balance task designed to evaluate dynamic postural control. This investigation explored the relationship between limb preference, strength, and performance on the SEBT in NCAA Division I, female collegiate soccer athletes (nonsoccer, n = 11; soccer, n = 12). Each participant completed maximal, concentric test efforts at a velocity of 90 degrees .s for supine ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) and plantarflexion (APF) and at 60 degrees .s for the seated leg extension (LE) and flexion (LF) and supine hip extension (HE) and flexion (HF). In addition, participants performed maximal SEBT reaches in the anterior, medial, and posterior directions. All testing was completed on both limbs. These results indicate that SEBT performance is similar for both limbs in both groups. The soccer group, however, reached significantly farther than the nonsoccer group, suggesting that the SEBT may be sensitive to training status and/or sport-related adaptations. The concentric strength results indicate that despite group differences in all strength tests, strength in general was not highly correlated to SEBT performance. Thus, neuromuscular factors above and beyond strength may have accounted for the group differences in SEBT performance. The SEBT may be a useful tool for determining the relative effectiveness of an intervention designed to improve postural control. Physiological Characteristics of Masters-Level Cyclists.
高水平自行车运动员的生理特征研究
Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR, Chapman D, Laursen PB, Parker DL.
1School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; 2Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australia; and 3College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, California.
Peiffer, JJ, Abbiss, CR, Chapman, D, Laursen, PB, and Parker, DL. Physiological characteristics of masters-level cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-7, 2008-Although a considerable amount of research is available describing the physiological characteristics of competitive young-adult cyclists, research describing these same characteristics in Masters-level cyclists is rare. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe and compare the effect of aging on physiological fitness parameters of Masters-level cyclists in an attempt to provide normative fitness data. Thirty-two male cyclists (35-73 years) completed one 15-minute economy test and one graded exercise test (GXT) on a cycle ergometer. During the GXT, maximal oxygen uptake (&OV0312;o2max), maximal heart rate (HRmax), the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and peak power output (PPO) were recorded. For the purpose of analysis, subjects were allocated into three age groups (35-45 years, 45-54 years, >/=55 years). Maximal oxygen uptake and absolute PPO were significantly lower among subjects 55 years and older (45.9 +/- 4.6 mL.kg.min and 324 +/- 51 W, respectively) compared with the 45- to 54-year group (54.2 +/- 6.6 mL.kg.min and 392 +/- 36 W, respectively), and both were significantly less compared with the 35- to 44-year group (60.7 +/- 5.1 mL.kg.min and 434 +/- 32 W, respectively). Maximal heart rate was significantly greater in both the 35- to 44-year and 45- to 54-year age groups compared with the >/=55-year group. The first ventilatory threshold was significantly greater in the subjects who were 55 years and older group compared with the 35- to 44-year and 45- to 54-year age groups, and VT2 was significantly greater in subjects 55 years and older compared with the 35- to 44-year group. Economy was not different amongst groups. In conclusion, increases in age resulted in a significant reduction in fitness parameters across age groups. The comparison of the fitness characteristics of Masters-level cyclists with established young-adult cyclist data should be avoided, because this may lead to inaccurate assessments of fitness. Effects of a Short-Term Resistance Program Using Elastic Bands Versus Weight Machines for Sedentary Middle-Aged Women.
两种不同抗阻训练的效果研究
Colado JC, Triplett NT.
1Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2Neuromuscular Laboratory, Department of Health, Leisure and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.
Colado, JC, and Triplett, NT. Effects of a short-term resistance program using elastic bands versus weight machines for sedentary middle-aged women. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-8, 2008-This study was designed to determine whether different effects on functional capacity and body composition were produced by using different devices (elastic bands (EBs) versus weight machines (WMs)) with the same resistance training program. Forty-five healthy sedentary middle-aged women volunteers were chosen and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 21 subjects trained using EBs (EBG), 14 in trained using WMs (WMG), and 10 were controls (CG). Both exercise groups trained with a periodized muscular endurance program twice a week for 10 weeks, with a total of 6 exercises per session for the major muscle groups. Exercise intensity was equalized by jointly monitoring the same targeted number of repetitions (TNRs) and rate of perceived exertion in active muscles (RPE-AM). Functional capacity was assessed by using knee push-up (KPU) and 60-second squat (S) tests. Body composition was measured using an 8-polar bioelectrical impedance analyzer. The results for both the EBG and WMG show a decrease in fat mass (p = 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and an increase in both the fat-free mass (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and the number of repetitions in the KPU (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and S tests (p < 0.01 in both). None of the variables measured for the CG varied significantly. It can be concluded that, independently of the device used, the combined monitoring of TNRs and RPE-AM can be a valid tool for controlling the resistance exercise intensity and can lead to healthy adaptations. EBs can thus offer significant physiological benefits that are comparable to those obtained from WMs in the early phase of strength training of sedentary middle-aged women. Heart Rate Responses During Small-Sided Games and Short Intermittent Running Training in Elite Soccer Players: A Comparative Study.
对足球运动员不同训练的比较研究
Dellal A, Chamari K, Pintus A, Girard O, Cotte T, Keller D.
1Psychophysiology of Motor Behaviour and Sports Laboratory, Science and Exercise University, Strasbourg, France; 2Applied Physiology Center, CNRS (National Scientific Research Organization), Strasbourg, France; 3Research Unit of Evaluation, Sport, and Health, National Centre of Medicine and Science in Sport, El Menzah, Tunisia; 4Facoltà di scienze motorie di Torino, Torino, Italy; 5ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar; 6Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Etienne, France.
Dellal, A, Chamari, K, Pintus, A, Girard, O, Cotte, T, and Keller, D. Heart rate responses during small-sided games and short intermittent running training in elite soccer players: a comparative study. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-9, 2008-The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate (HR) responses within and between physical controlled (short-duration intermittent running) and physical integrated (sided games) training methods in elite soccer players. Ten adult male elite soccer players (age, 26 +/- 2.9 years; body mass, 78.3 +/- 4.4 kg; maximum HR [HRmax], 195.4 +/- 4.9 b.min and velocity at maximum oxygen consumption [&OV0312;Vo2max], 17.1 +/- 0.8 km.h) performed different short-duration intermittent runs, e.g., 30-30 (30 seconds of exercise interspersed with 30 seconds of recovery) with active recovery, and 30-30, 15-15, 10-10, and 5-20 seconds with passive recovery, and different sided games (1 versus 1, 2 versus 2, 4 versus 4, 8 versus 8 with and without a goalkeeper, and 10 versus 10). In both training methods, HR was measured and expressed as a mean percentage of HR reserve (%HRres). The %HRres in the 30-30-second intermittent run at 100% &OV0312;Vo2max with active recovery (at 9 km.h with corresponding distance) was significantly higher than that with passive recovery (85.7% versus 77.2% HRres, respectively, p < 0.001) but also higher than the 1 versus 1 (p < 0.01), 4 versus 4 (p </= 0.05), 8 versus 8 (p < 0.001), and 10 versus 10 (p < 0.01) small-sided games. The %HRres was 2-fold less homogeneous during the different small-sided games than during the short-duration intermittent running (intersubjects coefficient of variation [CV] = 11.8% versus 5.9%, respectively). During the 8 versus 8 sided game, the presence of goalkeepers induced an ~11% increase in %HRres and reduced homogeneity when compared to games without goalkeepers (intersubject CV = 15.6% versus 8.8%). In conclusion, these findings showed that some small-sided games allow the HR to increase to the same level as that in short-duration intermittent running. The sided game method can be used to bring more variety during training, mixing physical, technical, and tactical training approaching the intensity of short-duration intermittent running but with higher intersubject variability. Study of the Fatigue Curve in Quadriceps and Hamstrings of Soccer Players During Isokinetic Endurance Testing.
足球运动员股四头肌和腘绳肌在等动耐力测试过程中的疲劳曲线变化研究
Sangnier S, Tourny-Chollet C.
Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France; and CETAPS Laboratory UPRES EA 3832, Rouen, France.
Sangnier, S, and Tourny-Chollet, C. Study of the fatigue curve in quadriceps and hamstrings of soccer players during isokinetic endurance testing. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-10, 2008-Many studies have presented regression models of quadriceps (Q) muscle strength loss with fatigue development. Paradoxically, the hamstrings (H), which are the principal site of muscle injury in soccer players, have received little attention, and no regression model has been established. This study investigated strength loss in the Q and H to establish a regression model using the lowest number of flexions-extensions during isokinetic endurance testing. Twenty-four semiprofessional soccer players performed 50 flexion-extension movements at 180 degrees .s on an isokinetic dynamometer. The theoretical equations were calculated from the first 10, first 15, first 20, and first 25 contractions for each muscle group by several regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic). The linear model was the best fit to this exercise protocol to describe the strength loss in both muscle groups. The quadratic model was the best fit to predict the changes in the H/Q ratio. This study showed that a regression model can be established for both muscle groups. A minimum of 20 extensions and 15 flexions was needed to establish a linear model that represented strength loss in, respectively, Q and H. A minimum of 25 flexions-extensions was needed with the quadratic model to accurately determine the decrease in the H/Q ratio. Isokinetic endurance testing can be carried out with only 25 flexions-extensions. This reduction should facilitate the implementation of this protocol. Regular evaluation would contribute to the efforts to prevent muscle injury during competitive sports activity. Contributions of Body Fat and Effort in the 5K Run: Age and Body Weight Handicap.
体脂对对5000米跑的贡献：年龄和体重的障碍
Crecelius AR, Vanderburgh PM, Laubach LL.
Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.
Crecelius, AR, Vanderburgh, PM, and Laubach, LL. Contributions of body fat and effort in the 5K run: age and body weight handicap. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-6, 2008-The 5K handicap (5KH), designed to eliminate the body weight (BW) and age biases inherent in the 5K run time (RT), yields an adjusted RT (RTadj) that can be compared between runners of different BW and age. As hypothesized in a validation study, however, not all BW bias may be removed, because of the influences of body fatness (BF) and effort (run speed; essentially the inverse as measured by rating of perceived exertion (RPE)). This study's purpose was to determine the effects of BF and RPE on BW bias in the 5KH. For 99 male runners in a regional 5K race (age = 43.9 +/- 12.1 years; BW = 83.4 +/- 12.9 kg), BF was determined via sum of three skinfolds just before the race. RPE, on the 20-point Borg scale, was used to assess overall race effort on race completion. Multiple regression analysis was used to develop a new adjusted RT (NRTadj, the RTadj corrected for BF and RPE), which was computed for each runner and then correlated with BW to determine bias. Indicative of slight bias, BW was correlated with RTadj (r = 0.220, p = 0.029). Both BF (p = 0.00002) and RPE (p = 0.0005) were significant, independent predictors of RTadj. NRTadj was not significantly correlated with BW (r = 0.051, p = 0.61), but BF explained 90%, and RPE explained only 6%, of the remaining BW bias evidenced in the 5KH. The previous finding that the 5KH does not remove all BW bias is apparently accounted for by BF and not RPE. Because no handicap should be awarded for higher BF, this finding suggests that the 5KH, for men, appropriately adjusts for the age and BW vs. RT biases previously noted. Evaluating Sprinting Ability, Density of Acceleration, and Speed Dribbling Ability of Professional Soccer Players With Respect to Their Positions.
对足球运动员冲刺能力、加速密度、速度能力的评价
Taşkin H.
Department of Trainer Education, Discipline Sciences of Movement and Training, Selcuk University, School of Physical Education and Sport, Alaaddin Keykubat Campus, Konya, Turkey.
Taşkin, H. Evaluating sprinting ability, density of acceleration, and speed dribbling ability of professional soccer players with respect to their positions. J Strength Cond Res 00: 1-6, 2008-The aim of this study is to evaluate sprinting ability, density of acceleration, and speed dribbling ability of professional soccer players with respect to their positions.A total of 243 professional soccer players were examined. These soccer players are playing in different leagues of Turkey. The F-MARC test battery, which was designed by FIFA, was used for soccer players.We did not find any statistical differences for 30-m sprint test and four-line sprint test values with respect to positions of soccer players (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistical difference for speed dribbling test values in terms of positions of soccer players (p < 0.05). It was found that the test values of defense players, midfielders, and forwards were better than the test values of goalkeepers (p < 0.05).In conclusion, this study, which was done during the training season, shows that there is a similarity between the abilities of professional soccer players for 30-m sprint and four-line sprint tests. Therefore, it is believed that there must be fast players in all positions in terms of sprint ability. There is a similarity among defenders, midfielders, and forwards in terms of speed dribbling ability; in contrast, the speed dribbling ability of goal keepers is different from the players in those three positions.Although there are many more speed dribbling exercises within the training programs of defenders, midfielders, and forwards, the speed dribbling ability test is not used much for goal keepers. Correspondingly, speed dribbling ability is not a specific indicator for goal keepers, and this test should not be used for the choice of goalkeepers.
务实求新
科研只有务实，才能有创新． 支持！页:
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