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刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-11 09:50 PM

体能训练与智能训练的应用

竞技体育中每个项目水平的稳定发挥需要的是项目内稳态(SSH)(附录一)。人体系统分为SSH必需的系统(SES)和非必需系统(SNS)。超常训练建立SES内稳态(SESH),常规训练维持SESH,建立和维持SNS内稳态(SNSH)。当SNS为骨骼肌和供能系统,建立SNSH的训练称为体能训练。当SNS为神经系统,建立SNS的训练为智能训练。...。

体育训练的这个模式可以用于其他工作之中。

工作中水平的稳定发挥需要的是工作内稳态(JSH)。人体系统分为JSH必需的系统(JES)和非必需系统(JNS)。超常训练建立JES内稳态(JESH),常规训练维持JESH,建立和维持JNS内稳态(JNSH)。当JNS为骨骼肌和供能系统,建立JNSH的训练称为体能训练。当JNS为神经系统,建立JNS的训练为智能训练。...。

外科大夫的大手术需要几个小时甚至十几个小时,按摩师需要用体力来完成工作,的士司机需要连续开车十几个小时,...,他们需要相应的体能训练和智能训练。

其实,各行各业都需要体育体育训练中形成的体能训练和智能训练方法。这是体育的专业技术的直接应用,当然属于体育的功能。

附录一 [原创] 内稳态理论:20080103 刘翔分析
http://www.tiyuol.com/thread-3126-1-1.html

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-11 09:52 PM 编辑 [/i]]

bing2008 发表于 2008-1-11 10:11 PM

今天室友和女友吵架了,很生气。
我就用内稳态的理论给他讲道理,居然很灵哦
呵呵
人不兴奋的时候,内稳态是一种动态的平衡的状态,
人生气的时候,内稳态有一个小小的波动,偏离了平衡状态,但是不会是永远持久的偏离,总有趋于平衡的时候。
吵架,是二人内稳态偏离了正常状态,但是,等到二人和好,内稳态又走向了另一种平衡。
吵架的结果有两种,一种是二人的关系更加牢固,感情更深,但是,当过度吵架,二人的内稳态过度偏离的时候
二人的感情很有可能不复存在,(比如,体温37度,偏离正常值,达到45度,完了,命肯定不保。)
所以,把握好分寸,吵架不是坏事,是二人的关系走向稳定的动力源泉。
曾经看过一纪录片,讲述一对恩爱的夫妻的故事,90多岁了,依然每天吵架,记者去采访他们为什么他们的爱情能维持到现在时,二人为了抢麦克风讲述故事,居然在记者面前吵起架来,很搞笑,但是,记者终于发现了维持爱情的秘密了。
当然了,吵架只是打破稳态的一种情况,也许还会有很多打破稳态的故事。

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-12 07:17 PM

Homeostatic Training and Its applications

欢迎登录Nature Network,

[url]http://network.nature.com/forums/homeostasis/914[/url]

参加如下话题的讨论

Homeostatic Training and Its applications

Homeostasis is one of the most remarkable and most typical properties of highly complex open systems. A homeostatic system (an industrial firm, a large organization, or a cell) is an open system that maintains its structure and functions by means of a multiplicity of dynamic equilibriums rigorously controlled by interdependent regulation mechanisms. Such a system reacts to every change in the environment, or to every random disturbance, through a series of modifications of equal size and opposite direction to those that created the disturbance. The goal of these modifications is to maintain the internal balances.

* *Is there sport-specific homeostasis ?*

There are homeostatic phenomena in sports training such as the plateau in variable dose-response relationship between exercise training and performance, the stable principal components in elite swimmers’ urine metabonomics and an ultrastructural study on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The homeostasis in sports training was supposed to be sport-specific so that it is called sport-specific homeostasis (SSH), and the SSH hypothesis was supported by our recent metabonomic studies on elite swimmers’ urine and our reviewing training adaptation, tapering, reduced training , detraining and calorie restriction.
#
Athletes’ physiological systems might be classified as SSH-essential system (SES) which includes SSH-essential skeletal muscular subsystem, SSH-essential energy supply subsystem, SSH-essential neurological subsystem, SSH-essential oxidative-antioxidative subsystem (OAS), and so forth, and SSH-non-essential system (SNS) which includes SSH-non-sential skeletal muscular subsystem, SSH-non-essential energy supply subsystem, SSH-non-essential neurological subsystem, SSH-non-essential OAS, autonomic nervous systems (ANS), circadian system, psychological system and so on. The quality of SES homeostasis (SESH) represents sport capacity. The higher the quality of SESH, the higher the performance level. The quality of SNS homeostasis (SNSH) represents sport performance. For the given SESH, the higher the quality of SNSH, the more improved the sport performance.
#
Athletes’ training might be classified into two kinds, the sport extraordinary training (SET) such as DOMS to establish the SESH of higher quality by destroying the former SESH of lower quality, and the sport ordinary training (SOT) such as tapering or reduced training to maintain SESH, and to establish and maintain SNSH. The training ladder should be SET1-SOT1-SET2-SOT2-…-SOTn-competition. The competition might be just a special SOT.

* *Is there job-specific homeostasis ?*

The homeostasis in work was supposed to be job-specific so that it is called job-specific homeostasis (JSH). The elite persons such as the record breakers of Guinness World Records might be of JSH of high quality.#
Persons' physiological systems might be classified as JSH-essential system (JES) which includes JSH-essential skeletal muscular subsystem, JSH-essential energy supply subsystem, JSH-essential neurological subsystem, JSH-essential OAS, and so forth, and JSH-non-essential system (JNS) which includes JSH-non-sential skeletal muscular subsystem, JSH-non-essential energy supply subsystem, JSH-non-essential neurological subsystem, JSH-non-essential OAS, autonomic nervous systems (ANS), circadian system, psychological system and so on. The quality of JES homeostasis (JESH) represents work capacity. The higher the quality of JESH, the higher the work level. The quality of JNS homeostasis (JNSH) represents work performance. For the given JESH, the higher the quality of JNSH, the more improved the work performance. #
Job training might be also classified into two kinds, the job extraordinary training (JET) to establish the JESH of higher quality by destroying the former JESH of lower quality, and the job ordinary training (JOT) to maintain JESH, and to establish and maintain SNSH. The training ladder should be JET1-JOT1-JET2-JOT2-…-JETn-JOTn-….#
SET and SOT hasve been widely studied, the rules of which might apply for JET and JOT.

* *How many kinds of homeostasis are there simultaneously for a person ? and how big the difference between them is there?*

An elite part-time athlete might have at least two kinds of homeostasis, one SSH and one JSH. A record breaker of a Guinness World Record might have least two kinds of JSH, one full-time JSH and one part-time JSH.#
If the two or more SSH-specific systems were so similar that they can be integrated into a system in homeostasis, the corresponding sports might be called a sports group, and the corresponding homeostasis might be called sports-group-specific homeostasis (SGSH). The athlete in the SGSH might be simultaniously elite in two or more sports. For example, Ian Thorpe has been champions in swimming both in 200 and 400m, and Michael Phelps has been swimming champions in 100, 200 and 400m.

* *How does homeostasis evolve in human life ?*

The quality of homeostasis is becoming higher in developing and lower in ageing. The age when the homeostasis is of highest quality is defined as optimum age, _h_. The most possible life-span, _y_, of a person might be _y=2h+1_ if the developing and the ageing are supposed to be symmetric. In other words, the higher the quality of the homeostasis at the optimum age, the longer the life-span. #
A system in homeostasis reacts to every change in the environment, or to every random disturbance, through a series of modifications of equal size and opposite direction to those that created the disturbance. The higher the quality of the homeostasis, the stronger the disturbance resistance. Therefore, the longer the life-span, the stronger the disturbance resistance, and then the stronger the capacity of the chronic disease prevention, which might be the cause of “two sides of the same coin, ageing and disease”: [url]http://www.nature.com/news/2007/[/url] ... l?q=2#last-comment. #
For example, It has been observed that world class male athletes have increased life expectancy of [Sarna S, _et al_. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Feb;25(2):237-44.], and elite athletes from most sports disciplines have lower overall morbidity risk and enjoy better self-rated health in later years compared with the general population and matched controls who were healthy at young age chronic disease prevention [Kujala UM, _et al_. Sports Med. 2003;33Musical Note:553-61.]

* * Does preconditioning such as dietary restriction and hypoxia enhance the quality of homeostasis?*

Preconditioning by sublethal stress can protect a biosystem from subsequent injury. That which does not kill you makes you stronger. In other words, preconditioning might enhance the quality of homeostasis of the related systems. For example, dietary restriction or hypoxia might enhance the quality of homeostasis of energy supply system.

* *Might SOT or JOT be a therapeutic approach except in rehabilitation medicine or as a approaches to deplete superfluous nutrition absorption?*

Balancing the food one eats with physical activity is one of dietary guidelines ([url]http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042446.htm[/url]). In other words, there might be SSH or JSH specific nutrition absorption. If the superfluous nutrition absorption might destroy SSH or JSH, SOT or JOT might be needed to deplete it so that SSH or JSH can be rehabilitated. In other cases except in rehabilitation medicine, SOT or JOT might not be a therapeutic approach although SET or JET might be a therapeutic approach because it can enhance homeostasis quality.

**The topics are welcomed if they are related to homeostasis. Please contribute to this online discussion. *

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-15 08:07 PM 编辑 [/i]]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-13 08:25 AM

吉尼斯世界记录

吉尼斯世界纪录(Guinness World Records)的获得可以借鉴体育训练方法。

lijianghua8 发表于 2008-1-15 05:48 PM

Homeostasis

Physiology, as a discipline, which centers around homeostasis, has investigated homeostasis extensively. In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us. In animals such as ourselves, the internal environment of our bodies must have certain conditions within tolerable limits to continue the healthy functioning of us. The process for an athlete to adapt himself to training and competition also is a process to establish a sport-specific homeostasis (SSH). However, the relationship between homeostasis and the sports hasn’t been studied so far. Prof. Liu’s viewpoint offers a new clue to explore the nature of physical activities.

lijianghua8 发表于 2008-1-15 05:54 PM

About Nature Network?

who knows why prof. liu's content was removed in nature network?

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-15 06:59 PM

moved note

It has been moved to the following address
[url]http://network.nature.com/forums/homeostasis/914[/url]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-17 06:10 PM

体育迁移

体育迁移也是体育功能中的一种,尤其是职业技术教育

[讨论] 体育的迁移价值
[url]http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-4844-1-1.html[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-17 06:25 PM 编辑 [/i]]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-19 01:23 AM

内稳态的个数

今晚看了《投名状》,对一个人的内稳态的个数有了感觉。

一个人的内稳态可以有多个,但主要内稳态应该只有一个。这里受到经验规则(附录一)的制约。除非这些内稳态相当接近。对于运动员来说,项目形成项群,可以兼项。

《投名状》中,庞青云会打仗,但从政能力低下,不愿意退隐,结果死于非命。

现实生活中,很多专业人员从政,不是丢了专业,就是被人利用。方励之是一个典型的例子,在国际天体物理学界相当知名,但不小心投入学潮,结果漂泊海外。专业和从政都有各自的内稳态要求,只能选择其一,不能脚踏两只船!

附录一 Tashiro A, Sandler VM, Toni N, Zhao C, Gage FH. 2006. NMDA-receptor-mediated, cell-specific integration of new neurons in adult dentate gyrus. Nature. 2006 Aug 24;442(7105):929-33.
从神经的角度来看,使用的神经元存活,不使用的神经元会逐渐死亡。逐渐选择的结果,能够完成的事情就显著依赖于经验。没有经验的事情,意味着没有相应的神经元基础,即使勉强为之,也比有经验者远远逊色,不可能受到认可或具备竞争力的。

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-19 01:24 AM 编辑 [/i]]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-19 10:33 AM

体育生活

选择以体育为职业的人的生活就是体育生活。详细讨论见我对如下帖子的回帖

附录一 [讨论] 什么是"体育生活" ?-说说你心中的体育生活
[url]http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-3169-1-1.html[/url]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-20 06:33 PM

体育释放暴力

【科普】人类渴望暴力就像渴望爱情一样
[url]http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=10977354&sty=1&tpg=2&age=0[/url]

论文作者:克雷格·肯尼迪 期刊:《精神病理学》
人类渴望暴力就像渴望爱情一样

据美国生活科学网报道,一项对老鼠的新研究表明,老鼠大脑处理暴力行为的感受就像它获得了其他奖赏一样,充满快感。事实上,老鼠寻求暴力,没什么理由就发动暴行,目的只是找到那种获得奖赏的感觉。

在这一项研究中,科学家认为老鼠大脑和人类大脑类似,这意味着我们不可避免地会着迷于残忍的运动比赛项目,同时我们自己也爱好这种残忍的运动。研究人员表示,事实上,人类渴望暴力就像渴望爱情、食物和毒品一样。

爱打架

科学家已经知道,老鼠和其它动物都爱打架。至今为止,他们还不知道大脑是如何参与此行动之中的。发表在本周出版的《精神病理学》杂志上的这一项新研究表明,卷入其它奖赏活动中的同一簇大脑细胞也在背后怂恿着老鼠对暴力的渴望。该研究小组成员、田纳西州范德比尔特大学的特殊教育和小儿科教授克雷格·肯尼迪说: “实际上,侵略行径出现在所有脊椎动物中,这是获得和保卫重要资源如配偶、领土和食物所必要的。我们发现老鼠大脑中的奖赏路径参与了对打斗行为的反应,促进了多巴胺的分泌。”

多巴胺(dopamine)是NA的前体物质,是下丘脑和脑垂体腺中的一种关键神经递质。多巴胺直接影响人们的情绪,能影响每一个人对事物的欢愉感受。从理论上来看,增加这种物质,就能让人兴奋,但是它会令人上瘾。因此有很多人的上瘾行为,都是因多巴胺而起的。香烟中的尼古丁会令人上瘾,是由于尼古丁刺激神经元分泌多巴胺,使人感到快感。甚至,有学者提出,爱情的产生,也源于多巴胺的分泌带来了亢奋。

老鼠争吵

为了做好这项实验,研究人员将一对雌雄老鼠放在一个笼子里,之后把雌鼠拿走,将一只所谓的雄鼠入侵者放到此笼子里,结果触发了这2只雄鼠的好斗行为。不过,老鼠对斗不同于人类,其特征包括尾巴发出响声、摆出好斗的侧身姿态、踢脚和撕咬动作。当首战结束之后,笼子中原来的雄老鼠被训练成会用鼻子当武器,攻击一个靶子,迫使入侵者退却。结果表明,这个居家的雄老鼠一直坚持不懈地用鼻子顶这个靶子,并与入侵老鼠对战,研究人员表示,看起来入侵老鼠好像获得了奖赏似的,美滋滋的。

肯尼迪说:“我们从这些实验得知个体将会有意寻求单独决斗的机会,因为他们从中体验到了获得奖赏的快乐感受。”为了了解大脑的奖赏路径是否参与进来了,科学家让居家老鼠服用一种药物,阻止其大脑特定区域分泌多巴胺。此大脑特定区域是指对食物和毒品等上瘾的部位。结果表明,用药的老鼠对入侵老鼠没这么厉害了。“这表明多巴胺在此起重大作用,”肯尼迪说。

人类暴力

肯尼迪解释说,此实验对人类具有同样的含意。他说,人类与老鼠大脑中的奖赏路径非常相似。“暴力在脊椎动物中普遍存在,特别是在哺乳动物中尤为严重。几乎所有的哺乳动物都或多或少会侵略他人。这可能正适合真正有用的进化角色,你可以凭此来保护你的领地,保护你的配偶,如果你是女性,你也可以保护你的后代。”不过,在现代人类社会中,暴力没什么好处,只会引起问题和麻烦。(来源:网易探索)

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-22 10:20 AM

体育的致富功能

美国可谓体育强国,但优秀的体育人口大都来自穷人。

非洲不可谓不穷,因为体育他们走向国际。

体育可以说是穷人的富裕直通车(附录一)。

我们的体育院校应该致力于培养这个直通车的驾驶员。

我们体育院校的毕业生应该勇于担当这个直通车的驾驶员。体育院校毕业生到贫困地区担任体育甚至别科的老师当然会很受当地学校的欢迎。只要学到真正的本事,可以完全按照自己的意愿识别和培养运动员。一旦运动员蜚声体坛,其教练当然也可以光宗耀祖,名利地位当然水到渠成。这个举措对于穷人、体育院校毕业生和政府都是非常好的选择,希望大家认真考虑。

附录一 [讨论] 穷人的科学(poverty science)
[url]http://www.tiyuol.com/viewthread.php?tid=4916&pid=19713&page=1&extra=page%3D1#pid19713[/url]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-23 12:59 AM

慢性疲劳综合症

过度训练综合症的前期是运动疲劳,可以通过常规训练来预防。常规训练可以消除超常训练阶段的疲劳,提供运动成绩,还可以预防过度训练。

这个研究成果可以借鉴用于防止慢性疲劳综合症。研究发现,慢性疲劳综合症的前期就是过度活跃(Houdenhove et al 2001)。可以用减轻工作负荷来消除大强度工作带来的疲劳,预防慢性疲劳综合症的发生。

参考文献

Van Houdenhove B, Neerinckx E, Onghena P, Lysens R, Vertommen H. 2001. Premorbid "overactive" lifestyle in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. An etiological factor or proof of good citizenship? J Psychosom Res. 2001 Oct;51(4):571-6. OBJECTIVE: In a former study, we have shown that patients suffering from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or chronic pain, when questioned about their premorbid lifestyle, reported a high level of "action-proneness" as compared to control groups. The aim of the present study was to control for the patients' possible idealisation of their previous attitude towards action. METHODS: A validated Dutch self-report questionnaire measuring "action-proneness" (the HAB) was completed by 62 randomly selected tertiary care CFS and fibromyalgia (FM) patients, as well as by their significant others (SOs). RESULTS: HAB scores of the patients and those of the SOs were very similar and significantly higher than the norm values. Whether or not the SO showed sympathy for the patient's illness did not influence the results to a great extent. SOs with a negative attitude towards the illness even characterized the patients as more "action-prone." CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further support for the hypothesis that a high level of "action-proneness" may play a predisposing, initiating and/or perpetuating role in CFS and FM.

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-23 01:00 AM 编辑 [/i]]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-23 09:59 PM

极端条件的适应

普通条件下的内稳态(normal homeostasis, NH)与极端条件下的内稳态(ultra homeostasis, UH)显然是不一样的,而且后者的品质显然高于前者。要适应极端条件,即从NH到UH,必需采用主动训练。超常训练就是专门用于提高内稳态的品质的(附录一)。因此,可以借鉴体育的超常训练来实现极端条件。能够完成适应,则可以建立UH,否则就会生病。

附录二的研究表明,可以通过锻炼适应寒冷。这提示,因为寒冷引起的过敏性鼻炎有可能存在专门的锻炼方法,例如,是否可以通过呼吸训练强化鼻粘膜的抗炎功能?!

附录一 内稳态训练理论
[url]http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-3126-1-1.html[/url]

附录二 【社会人文】太冷就不能运动?为你的懒惰另找理由吧
[url]http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=11005390&sty=1&tpg=1&age=0[/url]

太冷就不能运动?为你的懒惰另找理由吧 (翻译了一点)

41岁的艺术家朱莉娅•汉斯莱曾体验过十多年前的严寒,当时她在阿拉斯加的seward附近的冰川旁生活了一个冬季,气温均在10至15度以下。
"最初真的很真冷,我是害怕的, "汉斯莱女士说。 "我的本能反应是希望得到一堆书并坐在火炉旁边" 。但她的一个男朋友劝她出去,无论如何,以越野滑雪或穿雪鞋在深积雪中走好几个小时。他告诉说只要她不断运动,她将很好。

这是一个结论-即极端寒冷也可安全地练习-这似乎有悖于传统智慧。但事实上,陆军研究所环境医学运动生理学家约翰•卡斯特拉尼说,即使是可怕的寒冷,更多人其实却是在热环境的情况下受伤的。卡斯特拉尼是美国运动医学会发表寒冷中运动的主要作者。
"现在最大的问题是, '这是否是真的太冷? "卡斯特拉尼说, "答案是否定的。人们到了走到山峰极点,人还在那里的时候,即使降50摄氏度,人们仍令人难以置信安全做事情。还没人能告诉人们有一个点是不安全的" 。

开普敦大学运动生理学家蒂莫西noakes博士,甚至观察了爱好冬泳的刘易斯戈登,他在去年7月用19分钟在北极29和32摄氏度水中游了1公里。

运动生理学家表示,问题是人们犹豫在寒冷中运动是因为过分的被一些神奇的传奇所阻,因为思想上认为可能难以继续,因此不动,或停下要做冒险的事。

有一些人担心,寒冷的空气会损害他们的肺部或引起哮喘症状。或者,他们坚信容易受到伤害时,,并已忘记短跑或跑步快。

但肺部并不会被冷损害, marywood大学呼吸研究和人体生理学实验室的rundell说,空气不管有多冷,经过一段时期到达你的肺,它总是体温。有些人抱怨说,他们因寒冷而会诱发运动引起的哮喘。但造成呼吸道那种刺激,是干燥而不是寒冷。 "冷空气含有不多的水,是很干 "他说。你也有同样的效果当在干燥而又热的空气中运动。

埃文斯和如昂得博士表明几年前的一项研究,旨在消除寒冷的空气可以诱发哮喘。运动诱发哮喘的志愿者,运动后,呼吸同样干燥冷空气或室温下的空气。回应干燥的空气通路缩小了,而不是它的温度,如昂得博士说。 人们对运动在干燥空气中这个问题应该看到一个呼吸科医生,他还表示, "你可能想使用balaclava " ,因此你呼出一口气,可以滋润空气帮助你。

另一个就是,你要适应寒冷,就像你在热的情况下一样。人们的身体可适应炎热的天气,并适应让人感觉更好当他们行使在热量。适应后,你会流更多的汗,汗水盐分少同时和血液量增加。

"只要你不断地移动,你会产生大量的热能" 。

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-1-23 10:01 PM 编辑 [/i]]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-1-26 12:24 AM

角色内稳态的破除

一个好演员,当然必需进入角色,形成与角色相应的内稳态(role-specific homeostasis, RSH)。如果这个RSH与本人相差很大,且演员在角色塑造完成以后难以破除,就会产生很不好的作用。附录一和二也许可以算得上这方面的典型例子。

如果别的方法不灵,可以试用体育训练的方法,通过超常训练打破RSH。这也可以算得上体育的功能之一。

附录一  《蝙蝠侠》的“小丑”害死了希斯·莱杰?
[url]http://ent.southcn.com/yulefirst/content/2008-01/25/content_4315191.htm[/url]

附录二 张国荣之死与电影《异度空间》的七大相似
[url]http://ent.sina.com.cn/s/h/2003-04-04/0903142434.html[/url]

刘承宜 发表于 2008-2-9 06:10 PM

体育的含义

学校的学生有德智体美的说法,分别指德育、智育、体育和美育,他们分别通过政治课、数理化、体育课和美音课等来完成。数学教学生怎样计算,体育课教学生如何运动。从这个角度来说,说体育面就太窄,应该说运动。

将体育功能的讨论更正为运动功能的讨论。运动在学校中称为体育,在医院中称为运动疗法,在职业中称为竞技,在业余爱好中表现为休闲的一种方式。

运动可以按照整个过程所花的时间是否可以与其它职业性工作兼容,分为短时间运动和长时间运动。短时间运动的超常训练需要全日制投入,但在常规训练期间可以与其它工作兼容。长时间运动则无法只是利用业余时间来从事常规训练,最好是全日制投入。从这个角度来看,业余运动员和全职运动员各有所长。

刘承宜 发表于 2008-3-15 11:43 PM

体育的资本

人大长委会副委员长成思危教授在凤凰卫视世纪大讲堂讲授虚拟资本(明天早上八点或八点半,晚上十一点半会有重播,欢迎大家收看后展开讨论)。

虚拟资本有三种形式:信用、知识和社会关系。

虚拟资本进入交易就产生虚拟经济。

钱是实体资本,人格就是虚拟资本。后者的层次当然比前者高。

体育大概只有虚拟资本,体育比赛是体育走向实体资本之间的桥梁。

虚拟经济有5大特点:复杂性,介稳性、风险性、寄生性和周期性。其中渐稳性实际上就是内稳态,这五大特征实际上也就是内稳态的特征。看来内稳态训练理论算是抓住了体育的本质,值得大家发扬。

详细讨论参加如下帖子

附录一 [原创] 体育资本
[url]http://bbs.tiyuol.com/thread-5122-1-1.html[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2008-3-16 10:58 AM 编辑 [/i]]

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