相生相克
以前有人发现(Dickerson et al 2003)，吸烟可以降低Alzheimer病的发生率。为多少烟民提供了冠冕堂皇的借口。最近有人发现(Alonso et al 2007)， 痛风患者帕金森病风险下降。痛风通常与高蛋白饮食相关。可以说这个消息令人振奋，为美食追求者提供了更加美妙的借口。
当然，体育运动可以抑制两种神经退行性病变的发生（Chen et al 2005, Marx 2005）. 限制热量也可能有类似的效果（Johnson et al 2006）。这两种活动当然没有嗜好来得享受，对于“过把瘾就死”这一族是没有多少吸引力的。遗憾的是，人生并没有“过把瘾”那么短暂，余下的艰难岁月只能在漫漫长夜中度过。
其实，受苦的日子就象运动员的超常训练（见我的内稳态理论帖子）一样，只要坚持一下就到了常规训练，习惯了就可以变成享受了。因此，长痛不如短痛。采用内稳态训练的方式生活，自然丰富多彩。
参考文献
Alonso A, Rodríguez LA, Logroscino G, Hernán MA. 2007. Gout and risk of Parkinson disease: a prospective study. Neurology. 2007 Oct 23;69(17):1696-700. BACKGROUND: Several reports suggest that higher levels of serum uric acid are associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). None of these studies, however, evaluated the potential association between gout, a condition characterized by hyperuricemia, and the risk of PD. OBJECTIVE: To estimate prospectively the association between gout diagnosis and the risk of PD. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested in the General Practice Research Database, a computerized database that gathers information on more than 3 million Britons followed up by their general practitioners. PD cases occurring between January 1995 and December 2001 were identified, and matched with up to 10 controls by sex, age, practice, and start of follow-up. We obtained information on history of gout and use of anti-gout medication using the computerized medical records. RESULTS: During the study period, we identified 1,052 PD cases and 6,634 controls. Individuals with previous history of gout had a lower risk of developing PD (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48, 0.99). This association was evident among men (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40, 0.91) but not among women (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.57, 2.81; p for interaction: 0.11). Initiation of anti-gout medication was associated with a lower risk of PD (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.19, 1.70). CONCLUSION: Gout is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). Our findings provide additional support for a potential link between uric acid and PD. Further research is required to explore a potential effect modification by sex.
Chen H, Zhang SM, Schwarzschild MA, Hernán MA, Ascherio A. 2005. Physical activity and the risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2005 Feb 22;64(4):664-9. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether greater physical activity is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS: The authors prospectively followed 48,574 men and 77,254 women who provided information on physical activity in 1986 or in early adulthood. During the follow-up, a total of 252 (male) and 135 (female) incident PD cases were identified. RESULTS: In men, greater baseline physical activity was associated with a lower PD risk; compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariate relative risk (RR) of PD for the highest quintile was 0.7 (95% CI 0.5 to 1.1; p value, test for trend = 0.007), and the inverse association was still present after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up (RR = 0.5; p value, test for trend = 0.02). Further, strenuous exercise in early adult life was also inversely related to PD risk in men: compared with men who regularly exercised < or =2 months/year, those with > or =10 months of strenuous exercise had a 60% lower PD risk (RR = 0.4; p value, test for trend = 0.005). In women, physical activity assessed at baseline was not related to PD risk, whereas strenuous exercise in early adulthood tended to be inversely related to PD risk later in life (highest vs lowest categories, RR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.4; p value, test for trend = 0.06). CONCLUSION: This study suggests either that higher levels of physical activity may lower the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) in men or that men predisposed to PD tend to avoid strenuous physical activity in their early adult years.
Dickerson TJ, Janda KD. 2003. Glycation of the amyloid beta-protein by a nicotine metabolite: a fortuitous chemical dynamic between smoking and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jul 8;100(14):8182-7. The origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been subjected to an intense amount of examination; however, a clear conclusion as to the nature of this crippling disease has yet to be identified. What is readily accepted is that a definitive marker of this disease is the aggregation of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) into neuritic plaques. The recent observation that nicotine exposure leads to delayed onset of AD has stimulated a flurry of research into the nature of this neuroprotective effect. This phenomenon has been debated, but no consensus has been reached, and although these studies have targeted nicotine, the primary alkaloid in tobacco, few studies have considered the physiological role of nicotine metabolites in disease states. Nornicotine is a major nicotine metabolite in the CNS and has been shown to participate in the aberrant glycation of proteins in vivo in a process termed nornicotine-based glycation. Herein is detailed a potentially fortuitous role of nornicotine-based glycation in relation to the pathology of AD. Specifically, nornicotine was found to covalently alter A beta, leading to reduced peptide aggregation. Potential consequences of this reaction cascade include reduced plaque formation and/or altered clearance of the peptide, as well as attenuated toxicity of soluble A beta aggregates. The findings described provide an alternative mechanism for nicotine neuroprotection in AD and a means for the alteration of amyloid folding based on a covalent chemical event.
Johnson JB, Laub DR, John S. 2006. The effect on health of alternate day calorie restriction: eating less and more than needed on alternate days prolongs life. Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(2):209-11. Restricting caloric intake to 60-70% of normal adult weight maintenance requirement prolongs lifespan 30-50% and confers near perfect health across a broad range of species. Every other day feeding produces similar effects in rodents, and profound beneficial physiologic changes have been demonstrated in the absence of weight loss in ob/ob mice. Since May 2003 we have experimented with alternate day calorie restriction, one day consuming 20-50% of estimated daily caloric requirement and the next day ad lib eating, and have observed health benefits starting in as little as two weeks, in insulin resistance, asthma, seasonal allergies, infectious diseases of viral, bacterial and fungal origin (viral URI, recurrent bacterial tonsillitis, chronic sinusitis, periodontal disease), autoimmune disorder (rheumatoid arthritis), osteoarthritis, symptoms due to CNS inflammatory lesions (Tourette's, Meniere's) cardiac arrhythmias (PVCs, atrial fibrillation), menopause related hot flashes. We hypothesize that other many conditions would be delayed, prevented or improved, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, brain injury due to thrombotic stroke atherosclerosis, NIDDM, congestive heart failure. Our hypothesis is supported by an article from 1957 in the Spanish medical literature which due to a translation error has been construed by several authors to be the only existing example of calorie restriction with good nutrition. We contend for reasons cited that there was no reduction in calories overall, but that the subjects were eating, on alternate days, either 900 calories or 2300 calories, averaging 1600, and that body weight was maintained. Thus they consumed either 56% or 144% of daily caloric requirement. The subjects were in a residence for old people, and all were in perfect health and over 65. Over three years, there were 6 deaths among 60 study subjects and 13 deaths among 60 ad lib-fed controls, non-significant difference. Study subjects were in hospital 123 days, controls 219, highly significant difference. We believe widespread use of this pattern of eating could impact influenza epidemics and other communicable diseases by improving resistance to infection. In addition to the health effects, this pattern of eating has proven to be a good method of weight control, and we are continuing to study the process in conjunction with the NIH.
Marx J. 2005. Alzheimer's disease. Play and exercise protect mouse brain from amyloid buildup. Science. 2005 Mar 11;307(5715):1547.
[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2007-11-28 10:39 AM 编辑 [/i]]
过敏症患者不易发生神经胶质瘤
过敏症患者不易罹患胶质瘤.By Will Boggs, MD
纽约路透社健康报11月7日消息:据一项刊载在10月15日美国流行病学杂志上的报道称,有过敏情况的患者罹患胶质瘤的风险减低.
来自瑞典斯德哥尔摩, 卡罗林斯卡学院的Annette Wigertz博士回答路透社健康报时说:"此刻我并不知道我们的发现是否有临床提示意义,但是这项发现需免疫学家们去进一步研究以探究免疫系统是如何跟肿瘤发生扯上关系的."威格茨博士及其同事用来自5个欧洲国家的数据分析了过敏史与脑膜瘤及胶质瘤患病风险间的关系.著者报道说,曾经诊断为哮喘、花粉病,或是其它过敏性疾病的人群伴有30%的胶质瘤发病风险减低，而且这种情况并不随过敏状况发生的年龄而变化.除了湿疹与脑膜瘤患病风险减低有关外，在过敏素质与脑膜瘤发病风险间,并无明显相关性.有着3种或更多过敏源者比那些只有一种过敏源者,胶质瘤患病风险减低更显著(前者为减低48%,后者 24%).研究人员发现,花粉病使用滴眼液及鼻喷剂者较未用者有着更显著的胶质瘤患病风险减低情况;然而,风险却没有因为使用口服抗胺药物或是脱敏剂而显著减少.威格茨博士说:“出现这种状况的可能解释是：能够被治疗的花粉病患者可能是真正的过敏体质者,因而具有某种强烈的风险减低效应.”研究人员总结道：如果这种关联性确是一种病因学联系,那么它对理解过敏状况可能如何削减肿瘤风险这一情况能够给予一些提示作用.但是,反因果关系、误差、混淆的影响也应当考虑为可供选择的潜在解释.威格茨博士补充道,我认为目前需要确认的是,胶质瘤风险与过敏状况的负相关关系在免疫学上找到病因学证据,同时在流行病学方面确认是否是因为过敏性疾病的重复登记而形成了长期且大量的组群几率.
Wigertz A, Lönn S, Schwartzbaum J, Hall P, Auvinen A, Christensen HC, Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Salminen T, Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Tynes T, Feychting M. 2007. Allergic conditions and brain tumor risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Oct 15;166(8):941-50. An inverse association between allergic conditions and glioma risk has been reported previously. In this large population-based case-control study, the authors identified cases diagnosed with glioma or meningioma in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and southeast England between 2000 and 2004. Detailed information on self-reported physician-diagnosed allergic conditions was collected from 1,527 glioma cases, 1,210 meningioma cases, and 3,309 randomly selected controls. Logistic regression showed an odds ratio of 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.61, 0.80) for glioma associated with a diagnosis of any of asthma, hay fever, eczema, or other type of allergy. The risk estimates for glioma were around 0.65 for each allergic condition (asthma, eczema, hay fever, and food allergy), and the 95% confidence intervals were equally consistent, at around 0.55, 0.80. The reduced risks of glioma related to eczema, hay fever, and allergy overall, but not asthma, were confined to current rather than past conditions. Meningioma risk was not associated with allergic conditions, except for eczema (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.60, 0.91). Our results show a reduced risk for glioma associated primarily with current allergic conditions. If this is etiologic, it has implications for the understanding of how allergic conditions might reduce the tumor risk. 感觉吃什么好，吃什么不好都没有绝对的定义，现在只能说吃什么的好处比坏处多的话，就行了。当然，像抽烟这些东西，肯定是坏处比好处多的。
类风湿性关节炎能降低癌症死亡率
纽约（路透健康）9月24日电—据英国研究者称，同没患风湿性关节炎病和患有骨关节炎病的病人相比，患风湿性关节炎病的病人降低了预期寿命。然而，面对癌症死亡，他们似乎有一个较低的风险。依据先前的一项研究发现，心血管疾病降低了风湿性关节炎患者的生存率，且占近一半死亡的病人都患有该病。为了进一步了解关节炎病人的死亡率，位于泰恩河畔纽卡斯尔的弗里曼医院的Namita Kumar 博士和同事们检查了1991年在他们科室治疗的病人的数据。其中包括257名风湿性关节炎患者、371名同性患者以及485名臀部和膝关节骨关节炎患者。充足的随访信息由英国国家统计局提供，但是只有35名受试者。研究者在八月号《Rheumatology》杂志上称，该研究期间，共有398名患者死亡，其中54%为风湿性关节炎患者、28%为同性患者以及32%骨关节炎患者。风湿性关节炎(34.5%)和骨关节炎(35.7%)两组患者死于缺血性心脏病的量比预期的要高的多，然而，同性患者的死亡率又不真实，他们的死亡率同正常人群类似。
Kumar博士告诉记者风湿性关节炎患者类似于糖尿病患者，患心血管疾病有较高的风险。骨关节炎患者同样比预期的风险要高，这需要进一步研究。
然而，出现一个意想不到的发现：同同性患者相比，风湿性关节炎患者癌症死亡的率降低了40%。研究者指出非类固醇类抗炎药能够预防某种类型的癌症。然而，风湿性关节炎患者可能性虽然很小但又不是骨关节炎患者通过应用非类固醇类抗炎药预防恶性肿瘤。
此外，Kumar博士和同事总结说：“任何可能的抗癌效果都需要更仔细的调查可进一步研究。”
以上中文引自 [url]http://www.dxy.cn/bbs/post/view?bid=116&id=10079286&sty=1&tpg=28&age=0[/url]
Kumar N, Marshall NJ, Hammal DM, Pearce MS, Parker L, Furniss SS, Platt PN, Walker DJ. 2007. Causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with siblings and matched osteoarthritis controls. J Rheumatol. 2007 Aug;34(8):1695-8. OBJECTIVE: Survival of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is reduced when compared to the general population. We assessed differences in causes and age of death between patients with RA and their siblings. Comparisons were also made with a control group of subjects with lower limb osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: A population of 257 patients with RA studied in 1991 was compared to 371 of their same-sex siblings and 485 patients with hip and knee OA who were also attending the department at this time. Death certificates were obtained and compared. RESULTS: Among patients with RA, 54% (139/257) were deceased, compared to 28% (105/371) of the siblings and 32% (154/485) of OA patients (RA vs siblings or OA, p < 0.05). There were more deaths due to ischemic heart disease (IHD) in both the RA and OA groups compared to those expected; ratio observed/expected, 1.66 (95% CI 1.01, 2.79) and 1.96 (95% CI 1.21, 3.25), respectively, but not for siblings: observed/expected = 1.05 (95% CI 0.53, 2.08). There was a significant deficit in cancer related deaths in RA patients, observed/expected = 0.62 (95% CI 0.36, 1.03). CONCLUSION: Significantly more patients with RA had died than in either of the comparator populations. RA and OA patients died more frequently of IHD than the siblings. The RA population had a 40% reduced rate of cancer related deaths than expected and compared to their siblings.
[[i] 本帖最后由 刘承宜 于 2007-11-15 10:28 PM 编辑 [/i]] 开阔视野学习了，建议编辑帖子在体育资讯栏目，挺好滴
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